海关总署对进口货物实行海关估价的规定

上一篇: 最高人民法院经济审判庭关于购销合同当事人延长履行期限后保证人是否承担保证责任问题的电话答复
下一篇: 中华人民共和国海关关于进口货物实行海关估价的规定(已废止)

国务院办公厅


国务院办公厅转发国家旅游局关于加强旅游工作意见的通知(附英文)
国务院办公厅


国家旅游局《关于加强旅游工作的意见》已经国务院同意，现转发给你们，请结合本地区、本部门的实际情况贯彻执行。 旅游业是一项综合性事业，涉及航空、交通、文化、建设、轻工、纺织、商业等许多部门，各有关部门要积极配合和支持，共同努力，推动我国旅游事业更加健康
、协调地发展。关于加强旅游工作的意见 党的十一届三中全会以来，在改革、开放方针的指引下，我国旅游事业迅速发展，在增加我国非贸易外汇收入、促进对外经济贸易和文化交流、增进同世界各国人民的相互了解和友谊等方面发挥了积极作用。目前我国旅游业的发展已具备了相当的
基础和进一步加快发展的基本条件，国际旅游业持续稳定发展的大趋势也有利于我们把旅游事业搞上去。为进一步加强对旅游工作的协调管理，争取我国旅游业有一个更大的发展，现提出如下意见：
一、加强旅游管理工作，搞好各级旅游管理机构改革。各省、自治区、直辖市人民政府及旅游重点城市，特别是旅游资源比较丰富的热点地区，要按照党政分开、政企分开和精简、统一的原则，从当地情况和发展国际国内旅游业的需要出发，结合地方机构改革，统筹安排，建立健全旅
游管理机构。各级旅游管理部门要切实转变职能，划清职责范围，合理配置机构。为切实搞好政企分开，需做到：（一）旅游部门主管领导不得兼任地方旅游公司、旅行社或饭店的经理；（二）旅游局与其直属企业要在人、财、物管理方面完全分开，使旅游企业真正做到自主经营、自负盈
亏；（三）各级旅游管理部门开展旅游业务的费用，由各级财政安排。为了加强旅游管理部门与旅游经营单位之间的联系，国家旅游局将根据工作需要，适当调整“中国旅游协会”、“中国旅游饭店协会”，成立“中国国内旅游协会”，协助旅游主管部门协调与各有关部门的关系，研究指
导国内旅游业发展中的有关事宜。
二、进一步明确国家旅游局的行业管理范围和管理权限，建立分级管理的办法和制度。全国所有的旅游企业事业单位，包括旅游院校和科研单位，经营国际、国内旅游业务的旅行社，各类旅游涉外饭店、宾馆、餐馆及旅游车船公司，对外开放的重点旅游风景区、游览点、旅游商品经销
店以及派驻国外的旅游办事机构、国外在华开设的旅游办事机构等，其隶属关系均不变，但旅游局要按照国家的有关规定，实行行业管理和检查监督。各级旅游管理部门对各级各类旅游企业，要一视同仁。国家旅游局要按此原则，会同有关部门研究制定分级管理办法，并严格旅游企业审批
制度。所有旅游企事业单位都要接受行业管理和监督。
三、全面深化改革，实行承包经营责任制。各级旅游管理部门和办有旅游企业的部门，可结合本地区、本部门的具体情况，根据国家有关规定，研究提出在国营、集体旅游企业实行承包经营责任制的具体计划和实施步骤，并使之配套、完善和深化。在实行承包经营责任制中，可根据不
同工作性质（旅行社、旅游涉外饭店、旅游车船队等）和不同经营情况（盈利企业、还贷企业、亏损企业等），采取不同的承包经营方式。凡是有外汇收入的企业，要承包创汇指标，并制定相应的结汇管理办法。有条件的企业，可以逐步建立企业风险基金。要采取招标招聘等多种形式，通
过竞争确定承包者。承包合同期限，一般不应少于3年。承包合同一经确定，承发包双方都要严格履行，不得违反。实行承包经营责任制，要和改进企业管理、促进企业内部管理制度的改革紧密结合起来，按照责、权、利相结合的原则，进一步改革和完善企业的劳动工资制度，严格考核和
奖罚制度。
四、改革旅行社管理体制。鼓励、支持国旅、中旅、青旅三大骨干旅行社向建立企业联合体和企业集团的方向发展。对已开办的各类旅行社，国家旅游局和地方旅游管理部门要按照《旅行社管理暂行条例》和《旅行社管理暂行条例实施细则》进行考核和整顿。各类旅行社都要切实搞好
企业内部改革，进一步挖掘潜力，促进经营管理水平和服务质量的提高。
五、加强旅游对外宣传招徕工作，努力开拓国际客源市场。国家旅游局要进一步加强对国际客源市场的调查研究，制定开拓国际市场的具体规划并组织实施。驻外旅游办事处要搞好国际旅游市场调研和宣传招徕，负责各外联单位在外宣传招徕的管理工作，积极开展与驻在国有关机构、
旅行社和旅游批发商等的联系，并注意搜集和反馈有关信息。各驻外办事机构在驻在国法律许可的范围内，也可酌情开展一些有偿服务或经营性活动。各外联单位在对外推销旅游线路时，要互相配合，顾全大局，不得低于保护价竞销或相互贬低。鼓励提倡各外联单位自愿组织起来，开展对
外联合推销。对于违反外联纪律的，国家旅游局和地方旅游管理部门要根据情节轻重给予行政处分或经济处罚。为适应我国旅游业发展的需要，旅游宣传推销经费可逐年有所增加。今后各外联单位开展对外联合推销活动，可采取收费的办法，凡参加及受益单位均需缴纳一定费用。
六、加强对新建旅游涉外饭店的宏观管理，推进饭店管理制度改革。各级旅游管理部门要认真贯彻执行今年9月22日国务院发布的《楼堂馆所建设管理暂行条例》，会同当地计划部门，对本地区旅游涉外饭店项目进行认真清理。今后，各地一般不要再建设高档旅游涉外饭店。温冷点
地区可根据旅游客源市场需求，酌建中低档饭店（可视需要在中档饭店内设若干高档房间）。北京、上海、广州、桂林、西安、杭州等旅游热点城市，原则上不再批准中外合资或合作建造饭店。要按照国办发〔1988〕17号文件精神，加快建立我国自己的饭店管理公司。对确需新建中
外合资、合作饭店的，必须按照国发〔1986〕101号和国办发〔1988〕32号文件有关规定办理。对于由国家旅游局投资或参与投资建设的旅游风景区和游览点，地方旅游管理部门要参与领导和管理。推进饭店管理制度的改革。全国旅游涉外饭店星级评定工作，已有具体标准和
实施办法，要抓紧进行，争取明年底完成。要逐步建立旅游涉外饭店（包括各类旅行社和旅游车船公司）营业许可证发放和吊销制度。旅游主管部门对有严重违法乱纪行为的旅游企业，可建议工商行政管理部门吊销其营业执照。
七、审慎进行旅游价格方面的改革，加强对旅游外汇收支及结汇的管理。旅游价格问题直接关系到国家的利益和声誉，要不断进行调查研究，作出审慎的改革，并按规定报批。要充分考虑适应国际竞争需要，根据不同旅游路线、不同季节等特点，改革价格结构模式，更加科学、合理地
制定价格（国家旅游局和国家物价局今后主要是制定最高限价和最低保护价）。价格原则一经确定，各级、各类旅游企业都应严格执行。对于违反价格纪律的，要严肃处理。 国家旅游局要会同国家统计局、国家外汇管理局、财政部、中国银行等部门，在加强对旅游外汇收支统计工作的同
时，进一步加强对旅游外汇的收支管理，建立旅游外汇结汇制度，并纳入计划；要研究制定《旅游外汇管理办法》和《旅游外汇财务管理办法》，报国务院批准后实施，以尽快扭转目前旅游外汇收入流失严重的状况。
八、大力发展旅游商品、旅游纪念品的生产和销售，进一步提高我国旅游业的创汇水平和经济效益。搞好旅游商品、旅游纪念品的生产和销售是旅游业一个重要组成部分，也是为国家创汇的重要途径之一。要逐步建立起全国旅游商品、旅游纪念品的生产和销售网络。要以国家旅游局所
属的“中国旅游服务公司”系统、轻工部现有的“中国旅游产品生产供应公司”系统、商业部现有的“中国友谊服务公司”系统为基础，发挥其主导作用，进一步扩大业务，形成各具特色、经营不同旅游商品和旅游纪念品的企业体系。这些企业系统，可以有计划地兴办一批旅游纪念品生产
基地和研究国际旅游商品、旅游纪念品市场行情、开发新产品的科研单位，逐步使科研开发与产供销紧密结合。要鼓励各地特别是旅游重点地区大力发展具有民族风格、地方特色的旅游商品和旅游纪念品的生产，增加花色品种，广开货源渠道，改善销售服务，加强市场管理。要落实国务院
早已确定的“旅游商品创汇视同外贸出口创汇”的规定，并研究制定具体办法；对外贸出口中属于非实行出口许可证管理的商品，要进一步扩大对国外旅游者的销售；旅游商品、旅游纪念品的销售价格，要根据不同商品的货源情况、国际市场行情和经贸部门的具体销售方针，灵活掌握；发
展旅游商品、旅游纪念品生产所需国内紧缺的专用原材料，各级物资部门要纳入供货渠道；必须由国家统一进口的原材料，要纳入国家进口计划；对所需进口的专用原材料，按国办发〔1987〕16号文件有关规定执行。北京、上海、广州是海外旅游者出入境的三大口岸，要逐步建设成
为亚洲地区有一定规模和声誉的旅游购物城市。 目前一些旅游涉外饭店用大量外汇进口内装修材料、卫生洁具、机电设备和零部件，为尽快改变这种状况，今后对凡属于国内已能生产的产品，价格合理，质量、交货期等方面又能保证需要的，应一律停止进口。建议由有关部门提出限制进
口的产品目录，并由行业归口管理部门进行审批。
九、加强旅游从业人员的队伍建设，抓好职业道德和职业纪律教育。要进一步抓好旅游院校教育工作和从业人员的培训工作，大力培养不同层次、不同类别的旅游专业人才。要强化职业道德和职业纪律教育，不断提高旅游从业人员的政治、业务素质，树立旅游职业的光荣感和责任感，
反对各种不正之风，进一步提高旅游服务质量，搞好优质服务，使我国旅游业在国际上建立良好的信誉和形象。
十、加强与各有关部门的协调配合。旅游业是一项综合性事业，其发展不仅取决于旅游部门本身的工作，而且与航空、交通、城建、园林、文物、文化、轻工、纺织、商业、宗教事务等很多部门的工作紧密相关。旅游业又是一项跨地区的行业，大量的组织工作和实际工作要靠地方去做
，需要协调一致。各级旅游管理部门要进一步与有关部门密切配合，共同努力，促进我国旅游事业更加健康协调地发展。

CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE UNDER THE STATE COUNCIL ON THEAPPROVAL AND TRANSMISSION OF A REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE NATIONAL TOURISMADMINISTRATION CONCERNING THE STRENGTHENING OF TOURIST WORK

Important Notice: (注意事项)

英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.

Whole Document (法规全文)

CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE UNDER THE STATE COUNCIL ON THE
APPROVAL AND TRANSMISSION OF A REPORT SUBMITTED BY THE NATIONAL TOURISM
ADMINISTRATION CONCERNING THE STRENGTHENING OF TOURIST WORK
(December 21, 1988)
The Report, "Suggestions Concerning the Strengthening of Tourist Work",
submitted by the National Tourism Administration, has been approved by the
State Council and is hereby transmitted to you for implementation in the
light of the actual conditions of the respective localities and
departments.
The tourist industry is a comprehensive undertaking which involves
departments such as aviation, communications, culture, construction, light
industry, textile industry, and commerce. All the departments concerned
shall coordinate and support each other and make joint efforts to promote
the sound and coordinated development of tourism in our country.
SUGGESTIONS CONCERNING THE STRENGTHENING OF TOURIST WORK
Since the conclusion of the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central
Committee of the Communist Party of China, under the guidance of the
policy of reform and opening to the outside world, tourism has been
developing very rapidly in our country; and it has played an active part
in increasing our country's non-trade foreign exchange earnings, in
boosting international trade and cultural exchange, and in promoting the
mutual understanding and friendship between peoples throughout the world.
At present, our country possesses a fairly good foundation for the
development of tourism and the necessary conditions for speeding up such
development. The general trend of continuous and steady development of the
international tourism is also favourable to us for promoting our tourist
industry. In order to further strengthen the coordinated administration of
tourist work and strive for a greater development of our tourist industry,
we hereby advance the following suggestions:

1. Strengthening the administration of the tourist industry and doing a
good job in the reform of tourism administration organs at various levels.
The people's governments of various provinces, autonomous regions, and
municipalities directly under the Central Government, as well as tourist
cities, especially those favourite haunts with relatively rich tourist
resources, shall, in accordance with the principles of "separating Party
organs from government organs", "separating government organs from
enterprises", and "simplified and unified administration", and in the
light of local conditions and needs of the development of international
and domestic tourism, set up and improve the tourism administration organs
by combining them with the reform of local setups and making overall
arrangements. The tourism administration departments at various levels
shall make timely and specific adjustments to their responsibilities,
clearly define their scope of duties, and rationally deploy their
organizations. In order to effect the separation of government organs from
enterprises, it is imperative to lay stress on the following measures:
(1) The persons in charge of the tourism administration departments shall
not assume concurrently posts of manager of local tourist companies,
tourist agencies, or hotels;
(2) The tourism bureaus shall be completely separated from the enterprises
directly under them in the administration of such aspects as personnel,
finance, and materials, so that the tourist enterprises shall carry on
their business operations independently, and assume sole responsibility
for their profits and losses;
(3) The expenses for the tourism administration departments at various
levels to conduct tourist business operations shall be appropriated by the
finance departments at various levels. In order to strengthen the
connections between tourism administration departments and tourist opera-
ting units, the National Tourism Administration shall, in accordance with
the requirements of work, make necessary adjustments with regard to the
"China Association of Tourism" and the "China Association of Tourist
Hotels", and establish thereby the "China Association of Domestic
Tourism", which shall assist the competent authorities for tourism in
coordinating relations with other departments concerned and in studying
and providing guidance to the development of domestic tourism.

2. Further clarifying the scope of responsibility and the limits of powers
of the tourist administration bureaus, and establishing a system of graded
administration. The subordinative relationship of all the tourist
enterprises and tourist institutions throughout the country-including
institutes and schools of tourism, research institutes of tourism, tourist
agencies that are engaged in the international and domestic tourist
industries; various categories of tourist hotels, guest houses,
restaurants, and tourist automobile and vessels companies for the
reception of foreign tourists; key tourist scenic spots, tourist
attractions, and shops selling tourist goods that are open to foreigners;
tourist representative offices abroad, as well as the tourist
representative offices established in China by foreign tourist agencies-to
the competent administrative authorities directly over them shall remain
unchanged; but the tourist bureau shall, in accordance with the provisions
of the State, implement the system of trade administration, inspection,
and supervision. The tourism administration departments at various levels
shall treat tourist enterprises of various categories equally without
discrimination. The National Tourism Administration shall, in accordance
with the aforesaid principle, and working in coordination with other
departments concerned, make a study of, and work out, ways to implement
the system of graded administration and effect a stricter procedure in
examining and approving the establishment of tourist enterprises. All the
tourist enterprises and tourist institutions shall, without exception,
subject themselves to trade administration and supervision.

3. Deepening the reform in a comprehensive way and implementing the
responsibility system of contracted business operations. The tourism
administration departments at various levels and the departments that run
tourist enterprises shall, taking into consideration the actual conditions
of the local areas and of their own departments, and in accordance with
the pertinent provisions of the State, make a study of, and submit a
report on, a specific plan and practicable procedures for the
implementation of the responsibility system of contracted business
operations in state-run and collectively-run tourist enterprises and, at
the same time, formulate other provisions to perfect such a system. In the
course of implementing the aforesaid responsibility system of contracted
business operations, different forms of contracted business operations may
be adopted, in accordance with the differences in the nature of business
operations (tourists agencies, tourist hotels specialized in receiving
foreign guests, fleets of tourist automobiles and vessels) and business
operations of different conditions (enterprises with profits, enterprises
that have to repay loans, enterprises suffering losses and with a
deficit). All those enterprises that have foreign exchange earnings shall
carry out a contracted target for earning foreign exchange, and work out a
corresponding method for the administration of the settlement of the
exchange. Enterprises, which possess the necessary conditions, may
gradually set up risk funds for themselves. The contractor shall be
finally determined, through various kinds of competition, such as by
inviting tenders, or by advertising for employment. The contract period
shall, in principle, be no shorter than 3 years. Once a contract is
confirmed and signed, the two parties, the contractor and the party
awarding the contract, shall execute the contract strictly, and under no
circumstances shall it be violated. The implementation of the
responsibility system of contracted business operations calls for a close
integration of the improvement of enterprise management and the promotion
of reform in the internal administration system of enterprises, and for
further efforts in reforming and improving the labour wage system and the
policy of reward and punishment, in accordance with the principle of
combining responsibility, power, and profit.

4. Reforming the administration system of tourist agencies. The three
backbone travel services-China International Travel Service, China Travel
Service, and China Youth Travel Service-shall be encouraged and supported
to develop towards the establishment of an integrated complex or
enterprise group.
With respect to those tourist agencies of various categories that have
already been set up, the National Tourism Administration and local tourism
administration departments shall carry out assessment and rectification in
accordance with the provisions in Interim Regulations on the
Administration of Tourist Agencies and Rules of Implementation for Interim
Regulations on the Administration of Tourist Agencies. Tourist agencies of
various categories shall all carry out effectively the reform in the
internal work of their respective tourist agencies, further tap their
potentials, so as to raise standard of their operation and administration,
and to improve the quality of their services.

5. Strengthening overseas tourist publicity and the endeavouring for
soliciting tourists, and striving to expand the international market for
foreign tourists. The National Tourism Administration shall make further
efforts in investigating and analyzing the market for international
tourists, work out specific plans for the expansion of the said
international market, and take measures to put it into practice. Our
resident representative tourist offices abroad shall try their best to
investigate into the market for international tourists and carry out
publicity work for soliciting visiting tourists, take the responsibility
to supervise the publicity and soliciting endeavour carried out abroad by
units in charge of liaison work with foreign countries, actively make
contacts with the institutions concerned, tourist agencies and tourist
wholesalers in countries where our representative tourist offices are
resident, and pay attention to collecting and feeding back relevant
information. Various resident representative tourist offices abroad may,
within the scope of law of the respective countries where they are
resident, and at their discretion, undertake some paid services or other
business operational activities.
Various units in charge of liaison work with foreign countries, while
canvassing among foreigners for tourists itineraries, shall work in close
coordination and take the interests of the whole country into account.
They may not play down the others and compete against them by offering
prices lower than the protective price. Various units in charge of liaison
work with foreign countries shall be encouraged to collaborate on a
voluntary basis to canvass jointly among foreigners. With respect to those
who have violated external liaison disciplines, the National Tourism
Administration and the local tourism administration departments shall,
depending on the seriousness of the cases, impose disciplinary sanctions,
or economic penalty, on the violators. In order to meet the needs of the
development of the tourist industry in our country, the outlay for
conducting tourist publicity and canvassing abroad may be increased with
each passing year. From now on, various units in charge of liaison work
with foreign countries, when canvassing jointly among foreigners may
collect service charges: all units that take part in the canvassing
activities and derive benefits there from shall pay the charges.

6. Strengthening the macro-administration of those newly-built tourist
hotels that specialize in receiving foreign guests and promoting the
reform of hotel administration system. The tourism administration
departments at various levels shall conscientiously implement Interim
Regulations on the Construction and Administration of Storied Buildings,
Halls, Hotels and Guest Houses, promulgated by the State Council on
September 22, 1988, and, working in coordination with the local planning
departments, carry out a checking-up on the projects of local tourist
hotels that specialize in receiving foreign guests. From now on, in
principle, no more high-grade tourist hotels that specialize in receiving
foreign guests shall be built in any place. In areas less frequented than
favourite tourist haunts, medium-and low-grade hotels may be built, in
accordance with the tourist market's demand, and depending on the actual
circumstances, (a number of highgrade rooms may be provided in a
medium-grade hotel, if necessary). In such highly frequented tourist
cities as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Guilin, Xi'an, and Hangzhou, no
new hotel construction projects with Chinese-foreign joint investment or
by Chinese-foreign cooperation shall, in principle, be approved. In
accordance with the guideline of Document No. 17 (1988) issued by the
General Office under the State Council, it shall be imperative to speed up
the establishment of the hotel administration company of our own country.
In cases where necessity arises for the building of new hotels in form of
Chinese-foreign joint ventures or Chinese-foreign contractual joint
venture, the cases shall be handled in accordance with the provisions in
Document No. 101 (1986) and Document No. 32 (1988), issued by the General
Office under the State Council. As regards the tourist scenic spots and
tourist attraction, built and facilitated with, or partly with the
investment of the National Tourism Administration, the local tourism
administration departments shall take part in the leadership and
administration of the aforesaid tourist places.
Promoting the reform in the hotel administration system. There are now
specific standards for the "star-rating" of the country's tourist hotels
that specialize in receiving foreign guests; the rating process shall be
speeded up and strive to complete the task by the end of next year. The
system for issuing and revoking business licence for tourist hotels that
specialize in receiving foreign guests (including various categories of
tourist agencies and tourist automobiles and vessels companies) shall be
gradually set up. With respect to those tourist enterprises that have
committed serious illegal acts, the competent authorities for tourism may
suggest to the relevant administrative departments for industry and
commerce that the business licences of the aforesaid enterprises be
revoked.

7. Carrying out, with caution, the reform in tourist prices, and
strengthening the administration of the receipts and expenditures in
foreign exchange as well as the settlement of exchange relating to tourist
enterprises. The problem of tourist prices has a direct bearing on the
interests and reputation of the State; therefore it is imperative to
conduct careful investigation and studies before taking cautious steps in
the reform, and submit the reform plan to higher authorities for approval.
It is necessary to reform the price structure so as to fix the tourist
prices more scientifically and reasonably by taking into full
consideration the necessity to meet the challenge of international
competition, and in accordance with the special features of different
tourist itineraries and different seasons (from now on, the National
Tourism Administration and the State Administration for Commodity Prices
shall chiefly fix the ceiling price and the floor price - the protective
price). Once the price principles are determined, the tourist enterprises
at various levels and of various categories shall execute them strictly.
Those who have violated the price discipline shall be dealt with
seriously.
The National Tourism Administration shall, working in coordination with
such departments as the State Statistical Bureau, the State Administration
of Foreign Exchange Control, the Ministry of Finance, and the Bank of
China, strengthen the statistical work on the tourist enterprises'
receipts and expenditures, and tighten the control of the foreign exchange
receipts and expenditures of the tourist enterprises, establish the system
for the settlement of tourist foreign exchange, and bring this work into
line with the State plan. It is imperative to formulate, through studies,
the Measures for Foreign Exchange Control in Tourism and the Measures for
the Financial Administration of Foreign Exchange in Tourism, and submit
these two documents to the State Council for approval before
implementation so as to reverse as early as possible the present situation
of serious drain on foreign exchange earnings from tourism.

8. Developing vigorously the manufacture and marketing of tourist goods
and tourist souvenirs, increasing the volume of the foreign exchange
earning from tourism in our country and improving its economic results.
The manufacture and marketing of tourist goods and tourist souvenirs
constitute an important component part of the tourist industry, and is
also an important channel for earning foreign exchange for the State. It
is imperative to establish gradually a nationwide network for the
production and marketing of tourist goods and tourist souvenirs. For the
aforesaid purpose, the "China Tourist Services Company" under the National
Tourism Administration, the "China Tourist Products Production and Supply
Company" under the Ministry of Light Industry, and the "China Friendship
Services Company" under the Ministry of Commerce shall be taken as the
foundation; their leading role shall be brought into full play, and their
businesses shall be further expanded so that they shall grow into
complexes of enterprises specialized in different lines of business,
handling different assortments of tourist goods and tourist souvenirs.
These complexes of enterprises may establish, in a planned way, a number
of production bases for the production of tourist souvenirs, and a number
of research institutes for carrying on studies in the marketing quotations
of international tourist goods and tourist souvenirs and for developing
new products, so that scientific research and product development will be
combined in the integrated process of production-supply-marketing. It is
necessary to encourage various places, especially the key tourist areas,
to vigorously develop the production of tourist goods and tourist
souvenirs that are of national style with various local colours, to
increase designs and varieties, to expand channels for sources of goods,
to improve sales service, and to strengthen market administration. It is
imperative to implement conscientiously the provisions approved long ago
by the State Council: "the foreign exchange earned through the sales of
tourist goods shall be deemed as the foreign exchange earned by foreign
trade" and to formulate, through studies, specific measures for carrying
out the said provisions; with respect to those export goods which do not
come under the licence control, it is important to expand their sales to
foreign tourists; the selling prices of tourist goods and tourist
souvenirs shall be handled flexibly in accordance with the different
conditions of goods supply, the international market quotations, and the
specific marketing policy pursued by the economic and trade departments.

The special raw and processed materials which are needed for the
development of the production of tourist goods and tourist souvenirs and
are in short supply in the country, shall be brought into the goods supply
channels handled by the departments of goods and materials at various
levels; those raw and processed materials that are imported solely by the
State shall be brought into the plan for importation executed by the
State; the special imported raw and processed materials needed shall be
handled in accordance with the pertinent provisions in Document No. 16
(1987) issued by the General Office under the State Council. As Beijing,
Shanghai, and Guangzhou are the three main ports of entry and exit for
overseas tourists, they shall be turned into cities with sizable tourist
shopping centres and good reputation in Asia. At present, some tourist
hotels that specialize in receiving foreign guests spend a large amount of
foreign exchange in importing fitting-up materials, sanitary utensils,
machinery and electrical equipment, and spare and component parts. In
order to change this situation without delay, from now on, all similar
products which can already be manufactured in our country and reasonably
priced and whose quality and delivery time can be guaranteed shall cease
to be imported. We suggest that a catalogue of products to be restricted
in importation be put forward by the departments concerned and the
importation of the aforesaid products shall be examined and approved by
the administrative departments of the trades concerned.

9. Strengthening the building of a contingent of tourist personnel and
paying close attention to the education in professional ethics and
professional discipline. It is imperative to improve the educational work
in schools and institutes of tourism and the professional training of
tourist personnel, especially the training of qualified specialized
personnel at various levels and of different categories. It is also
imperative to intensify the education in professional ethics and
professional discipline, so as to improve the political and professional
quality of tourist personnel, to foster a sense of honour and
responsibility, to oppose all kinds of unhealthy tendencies, to improve
the quality of tourist services and offer high-quality services, thus
enabling our tourist industry to establish good international reputation
and image.

10. Strengthening the coordination between different departments
concerned. The tourist industry is a comprehensive undertaking, the
development of which relies not only on its own work, but also on the
close coordination with such organizations as the departments of aviation,
communications, city construction, gardens and parks, historical relics,
culture, light industry, textile industry, commerce, and religious
affairs. The tourist industry is also a trans-regional trade, and a large
amount of organizational work shall be done by the local departments; a
harmonious coordination is thus indispensable. Tourist departments at
various levels shall strengthen their coordination with other departments
concerned and make joint efforts in promoting a sound and co-ordinated
development of the tourist industry in our country.



1988年12月21日
浙江省杭州市人民政府办公厅


关于印发杭州市全面推行清洁生产实施办法的通知

杭政办函〔2004〕302号

各区、县(市)人民政府，市政府各部门、各直属单位：
　　《杭州市全面推行清洁生产实施办法》已经市政府同意，现印发给你们，请认真遵照实施。

　　杭州市人民政府办公厅
二○○四年十一月十二日

杭州市全面推行清洁生产实施办法

　　一、总则
　　为全面推动杭州市的清洁生产，促进生态市建设，根据《中华人民共和国清洁生产促进法》、《浙江省人民政府关于全面推行清洁生产的实施意见》(浙政发〔2003〕22号)和《杭州生态市建设规划》，制定本实施办法。
　　(一)清洁生产是指不断采取改进设计、使用清洁能源和原料、采用先进的工艺技术和设备、改善管理和综合利用等措施，从源头削减污染，减少或避免生产、销售及产品使用过程中污染物的产生和排放，提高资源利用效率，以减轻或消除对人类健康和环境的危害。
　　(二)以“三个代表”重要思想为指针，以发展为主题，认真贯彻党的十六大精神，围绕杭州市经济发展和生态市建设目标，以循环经济理念为指导，建立“政府推动、政策扶持、市场引导、属地管理、环保监督、企业实施”的清洁生产推行机制，逐步形成企业自觉实施的有效运行机制。坚持推行清洁生产与产业结构调整相结合、与企业技术进步相结合、与加强企业管理相结合、与建立环境管理体系相结合，不断提高资源利用效率，减少污染物排放，增强综合竞争能力，实现经济、社会和环境的协调发展。
　　(三)清洁生产的推行应遵循政府导向、强制实施和企业自愿行动的原则。清洁生产原则上由企业单位自愿进行，但对污染物超标排放或超过环保部门核定的污染物排放总量控制指标，使用有毒有害原料进行生产或排放有毒有害物质的企业必须实施清洁生产。
　　(四)在本市行政区域范围内，从事生产和服务活动的单位及从事相关管理活动的部门，依照《清洁生产促进法》规定，组织和实施清洁生产。
　　(五)建立杭州市推行清洁生产工作领导小组，由分管副市长任组长，市经济、环保、计划、农业、建设、旅游、贸易、科技、财政、税务、质监等行政主管部门的负责人参加。领导小组办公室设在市经济行政主管部门，负责全市范围清洁生产的组织、协调和促进工作。各有关部门按照各自职责，负责有关的清洁生产促进工作，并加强协调配合。各区、县(市)政府要加强领导，认真做好本行政区域内的清洁生产促进工作。
　　(六)各级政府要把推行清洁生产目标纳入经济社会发展和生态建设规划及年度计划，部署清洁生产工作任务，落实相关部门责任。要将推行清洁生产目标完成情况列为政府和工作人员目标责任考核的重要内容，实行年度考核奖励。
　　二、推行和实施
　　(一)市经济行政主管部门要会同环保、计划、农业、建设、旅游等有关行政主管部门，积极组织清洁生产培训，培养清洁生产管理和技术人员。要通过新闻媒体和有关社会团体积极开展清洁生产宣传，普及清洁生产知识，增强国家工作人员、企业经营者和公众的清洁生产意识。
　　(二)市经济行政主管部门要会同环保等有关行政主管部门，制定杭州市清洁生产推行工作规划，组织企业实施清洁生产，进行清洁生产企业审核，开展创建绿色企业(即清洁生产先进企业)活动。加大对工业功能区清洁生产的推进力度，实施基础设施共享、污染物集中处理，促进企业在资源和废物综合利用等领域的合作，实现资源的高效利用和循环使用；将推行清洁生产与调整产业结构相结合，大力发展低能耗、低消耗、低污染、高效益的电子信息、生物医药等高技术产业和环保产业，限制和淘汰高资源投入、高污染排放企业。
　　(三)科技等有关行政主管部门要指导、支持清洁生产技术和有利于环境、资源保护的产品的研究开发以及清洁生产技术的示范推广工作。
　　(四)农业行政主管部门要抓好农业投入品、农业生产过程、农副产品加工生产等环节的清洁生产管理。加大农副产品加工企业清洁生产的技改力度，加强对农村河道清洁的管理，认真抓好全市规模化畜禽养殖场的粪便综合利用和污染治理工程建设。环保和农业行政主管部门要依照法律、法规有关规定，加强对农业投入品、农业生产过程、农副产品加工等生产单位废污水排放情况的检查和处理。
　　(五)建设、旅游、贸易等行政主管部门要加强对建筑工程、餐饮、娱乐、宾馆等服务性企业的管理和监督，加快推进建筑业和现代服务业的清洁生产。
　　(六)经济、水利、建设等行政主管部门应加强水资源节约和保护工作，落实《杭州市生活饮用水源保护管理条例》，制定杭州市工业、农业和城市生活及公共用水定额，建立有效可行的用水定额管理制度。要发展节水型产业，提高工业、农业、城市生活及公共用水效率和重复利用率。
　　(七)计划、经济、环保等行政主管部门在制定规划时，应进一步优化能源结构，发展清洁能源。按照市政府关于实施市区“禁燃区”的要求，限期拆除小锅炉；发展洁净煤技术，扩大热电厂供热面。加快和扩大天然气的利用，推广太阳能利用技术，发展大中型沼气工程，逐步增加我市清洁能源和可再生能源的使用比重。
　　(八)各级经济、贸易行政主管部门要定期检查强制回收产品和包装物的实施情况，及时向社会公布检查结果。
　　(九)各级经济、质监行政主管部门根据国家制定的清洁生产技术、工艺、设备、产品导向目录和限期淘汰的生产技术、工艺、设备及产品目录，负责监督检查和落实。各级质监、工商等行政主管部门要按照职责分工，对制造、销售和使用国家明令淘汰的设备和产品依法进行查处。
　　(十)鼓励企业采用国际标准，严格执行国家和地方强制性标准，建立清洁生产的标准体系和环境管理体系。开展节能、节水、废物再生利用等清洁生产产品的标志、标识管理和产品认定。质监行政主管部门要依法加大标准化法执法力度，严肃查处实施清洁生产过程中的标准违法行为。
　　(十一)在新建、改建(造)和扩建项目时，必须对原料使用、资源消耗、资源综合利用以及污染物产生与处置等进行分析论证，提出评价意见，并在项目可行性研究、设计、施工和验收等各阶段中加以落实，严格执行“三同时”制度。对使用国家明令淘汰的落后工艺和设备的建设项目，项目审批审核单位不得批准立项，环保部门不得通过环评报告。
　　(十二)环保部门在发放排污许可证时，应根据企业实施清洁生产审核结果，核定企业污染物排放总量。对应交而未交审核报告和实施情况报告、审核不符合要求的企业，环保部门不予发放或暂缓发放排污许可证。
　　(十三)实行清洁生产公告制度。市经济、环保行政主管部门应定期公布企业推行清洁生产的实施情况。环保部门要加强对清洁生产实施的监督，可按照促进清洁生产的需要，根据企业污染物的排放情况，经省级环保行政主管部门授权，定期公布污染物超标排放或污染物排放总量超过规定限额的污染严重的企业名单，为公众监督企业实施清洁生产提供依据。
　　(十四)市经济等有关行政主管部门应扶持建立一批杭州市清洁生产技术咨询服务机构和杭州市清洁生产专家库(包括审核专家和行业专家)，指导企业开展清洁生产审核，帮助企业实施清洁生产方案，为企业提供清洁生产信息和技术咨询服务。清洁生产咨询服务必须由经省级经贸、环保行政主管部门认可的具备清洁生产咨询服务资质的机构承担。
　　(十五)企业是实施清洁生产的主体，企业管理者必须重视清洁生产，真正把实施清洁生产作为提高企业整体素质和增强企业竞争力的一项重要措施。要切实加强对清洁生产工作的领导，建立有效的责任管理机构和制度，明确清洁生产目标，将清洁生产纳入企业发展计划，安排资金用于清洁生产培训和技术改造等项工作。企业在技术改造过程中，应当采用以下清洁生产措施：
　　1、采用资源利用率高、污染物产生量少的工艺和设备，替代资源利用率低、污染物产生量大的工艺和设备；
　　2、采用无毒、无害或低毒、低害的原料，替代毒性大、危害重的原料；
　　3、对生产过程中产生的废物、废水和余热等进行综合利用或循环使用；
　　4、采用达到国家或省市规定的污染物排放标准和污染物排放总量控制指标的污染防治技术。
　　(十六)矿山开采业应采用合理利用资源、保护环境和防止污染的勘查、开采方法和工艺技术，提高矿产资源的开发利用水平。
　　(十七)农业生产应合理使用化肥、农药、农用薄膜和饲料添加剂等农业投入品，改进种养植技术，实现农产品的优质、无害和农业生产废物的资源利用，禁止有毒、有害废物用于肥料或造田，防止农业环境污染。
　　(十八)建筑工程应采用有利于环境与资源保护的生态建筑设计方案，采用有利于环境的建筑装修材料、建筑构配件和节水节能(保温)的建筑技术和设备，使用噪声小的施工机具。建筑装修材料必须符合国家标准，禁止生产、销售和使用有毒、有害物质超过国家标准的建筑装修材料。
　　(十九)餐饮、娱乐、宾馆等服务性企业应采用节电、节水、节能等有利于环境保护的技术和设备，减少使用或不使用浪费资源、污染环境的消费品，提高环境治理和保护水平。
　　(二十)产品和包装物的设计要符合国家清洁生产有关要求。生产、销售被列入强制回收目录产品和包装物的企业，必须在产品报废和包装物使用后按有关规定对其进行回收。
　　(二十一)企业根据自愿原则，按照国家有关环境管理体系认证的规定，向国家授权的认证机构提出认证申请，通过环境管理体系标准认证，提高清洁生产水平。
　　(二十二)企业在污染物排放达到国家和省市规定的排放标准的基础上，可以自愿与市、县经济和环保行政主管部门签订进一步节约资源、削减污染物排放量的协议。经济和环保行政主管部门应当在主要新闻媒体上公布该企业的名称及节约资源、防治污染的成果。
　　(二十三)对列入污染严重名单的企业，应当按照规定公布主要污染物的排放情况，接受公众监督。
　　(二十四)要按照《浙江省清洁生产审核暂行办法》和市经济、环保行政主管部门的要求开展清洁生产审核。企业应对生产和服务过程中资源消耗及废物产生情况进行监测，并按需要实施清洁生产方案；污染物排放超过省市规定的排放标准或超过环保行政主管部门核定的污染物排放总量控制指标的企业，应当实施审核；使用有毒有害原料生产或在生产中排放有毒有害物质的企业，应当定期实施审核。审核结果报告市、县经济和环保行政主管部门。
　　三、政策和措施
　　(一)建立清洁生产表彰奖励制度。对在清洁生产工作中取得显著成绩的单位和个人，由市政府给予表彰和奖励。
　　(二)以市清洁生产领导小组名义开展的表彰奖励、信息发布、宣传培训和试点示范等推动企业实施清洁生产工作所发生的有关费用，在杭州市中小企业发展专项资金中列支。各区、县(市)要根据本地清洁生产工作的实际需要，安排适当的资金，支持和推动本地清洁生产实施。
　　(三)企业实施清洁生产技术改造项目，完成后经申报审核符合条件，优先享受杭州市工业企业技术改造财政资金资助；企业实施清洁生产技术创新项目，经申报审核符合条件，优先享受杭州市企业技术创新专项资金资助；清洁生产的技术研究、开发和有利于资源环境保护的产品的研究、开发项目，优先享受杭州市有关科研经费的支持。
　　(四)以高技术和先进适用技术改造提升绿色化工、绿色食品、绿色制造和纺织服装等传统产业，推进减量化、资源化、无害化的清洁工艺示范工程项目，优先享受杭州市生态专项资金资助。
　　(五)对企业清洁生产的审核费用，按杭州市环保专项资金规定优先享受资助；对实施具有推广价值的清洁生产示范项目和环境污染治理示范工程项目，优先安排环保贷款贴息。
　　(六)对污染物排放总量已达标的企业，应用清洁生产工艺而削减的污染物排放指标，可转用于企业的扩大再生产项目或进行排污权交易。原污染严重，经清洁生产后污染物达标排放的企业，经与当地经济、环保行政主管部门自愿签订进一步节约资源、削减污染物排放量的协议，可优先享受国家的财政税收优惠政策和环境保护优惠政策。
　　(七)认真落实国家和省市各项优惠政策。对清洁生产中的资源综合利用项目(产品)、环保设备(产品)，节能、节水等资源节约和利用项目(产品)，符合国家和省市税收优惠政策的，经审核认定后给予税收优惠；实施清洁生产技术开发和技术转让所得收入按国家有关规定享受减免税优惠；用于清洁生产，国内不能制造的进口设备、仪器和技术，享受国家进口税收优惠政策。
　　(八)企业用于清洁生产审核和培训的费用，可以列入企业经营成本。
　　本办法自发布之日起施行。